Electronics
Impact of Shift-Angle Topologies on the Performance of PCB-Embedded Solenoid Inductors
Published on - IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology
The integration of magnetic components within printed circuit boards (PCBs) offers an innovative pathway to enhance electromagnetic performance while reducing size and improving manufacturability in power electronics. This study investigates the impact of shift-angle topologies in PCB-embedded solenoid inductors, focusing on minimizing electromagnetic losses to enhance high-frequency performance for applications such as compact DC/DC converters and power modules. Four angular configurations were analyzed, assessing how different trace alignments influence flux distribution, eddy current generation, and inductance behavior. To isolate the effects of angle shift, the study employed Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations under direct current (DC) excitation, eliminating the influence of skin effect, proximity effect, core loss, and parasitic capacitance. Results showed that modifying the shift angle significantly altered flux density-especially the perpendicular (Z) component responsible for eddy current formation. Among the DC-tested topologies, Configurations with two counter wise angles in the coils top-layer and bottom-layer traces demonstrated the lowest flux loss and minimal eddy current dissipation. Experimental validation confirmed the simulation findings, with electromagnetic losses within a 6% margin. Tests under alternating current (AC) conditions using an impedance analyzer verified the benefits of reverse angle configurations but revealed that the angle position affects the resonance frequency.