Mechanical models and simulations of PEMFCs: A comprehensive review

In recent years, there has been considerable progress in developing models concerning the electrochemical, thermal, and mass transport processes of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). This advancement has resulted in numerous models being documented in the literature, alongside several review articles that aim to categorise them. However, this extensive body of literature does not have a clear definition or a dedicated review to help identify and classify mechanical models of PEMFCs. This article first focuses on identifying key characteristics that define mechanical models for PEMFCs. It then provides a comprehensive classification of these models for each component and more complex structures. To achieve this, an original representation highlights essential model information and traces their chronological evolution. This approach clearly articulates what has been accomplished and what still needs to be addressed, serving as a valuable resource for PEMFC simulation and future research.