Optimal Double-Layer Smart EV Charging Using a Portable Multi-Connector System

The reluctance of clients to actively engage in electric vehicle (EV) charging, combined with the scarcity of charging stations (EVCS), creates accessibility challenges and inefficiencies that hinder EV adoption. Existing planning approaches rely on static queue structures and fixed infrastructure, limiting their responsiveness to real-time demand and user urgency. To address this gap, we introduce a patented Portable Multi-Connector System (PMS) that reduces CAPEX by allowing multiple EVs to connect to a single charger without major infrastructure upgrades. The system is governed by a two-stage strategy: (i) a Double-Layer Laxity-Based Allocation (DLBA), managed by a Queue Management System (QMS), enabling dynamic, non-preemptive reordering of EVs based on urgency; and (ii) an enhanced Energy Management System (EMS) with a penalty mechanism to discourage non-critical charging, thereby reducing energy costs and mitigating grid impact. Designed to improve user experience by increasing accessibility and reducing waiting times while ensuring efficient infrastructure utilization, the PMS-DLBA-EMS framework is validated through a shopping center case study, demonstrating substantial reductions in operational expenses and superior service delivery compared to traditional architectures and static scheduling.