Electric vehicles fleet for frequency regulation using a multi-agent system

The production of PhotoVoltaic (PV) energy depends on the solar irradiance level. The PV power plant fluctuations may have a significant impact on the frequency regulation in sufficiently small power systems, such as islands. The objective of this paper is to present a method using cooperative multi-agent systems to reduce the frequency fluctuations due to the unpredicted fluctuations of the PV production using electric vehicles as electricity storage units in an isolated power system.