Contributions to robust calibration methods in radio astronomy

Accurate calibration is of critical importance for new advanced interferometric systems in radio astronomy in order to recover high resolution images with no distortions. This process consists in correcting for all environmental and instrumental effects which corrupt the observations. Most state-of-the-art calibration approaches assume a Gaussian noise model and operate mostly in an iterative manner for a mono-frequency scenario. However, in practice, the Gaussian classical noise assumption is not valid as radio frequency interference affects the measurements and multiple unknown weak sources appear within the wide field-of-view. Furthermore, considering one frequency bin at a time with a single centralized agent processing all data leads to suboptimality and computational limitations. The goal of this thesis is to explore robustness of calibration algorithms w.r.t. the presence of outliers in a multi-frequency scenario. To this end, we propose the use of an appropriate noise model, namely, the so-called coumpound-Gaussian which encompasses a broad range of different heavy-tailed distributions. To combine limited computational complexity and quality of calibration, we designed an iterative calibration algorithm based on the maximum likelihood estimator under the compound-Gaussian modeling. In addition, a computationally efficient way to handle multiple sub-frequency bands is to apply distributed and decentralized strategies. Thus, the global operational load is distributed over a network of computational agents and calibration amounts to solve a global constrained problem thanks to available variation models or by assuming smoothness across frequency.