Borehole water level model for photovoltaic water pumping systems

Highlights: • A borehole water level model for photovoltaic water pumping systems is developed. • The model is validated against experimental data and has an accuracy of 97%. • The model allows us to study the influence of water resources on the system sizing. • The influence of the static water level on the optimal lifecycle cost is about 11%. • The influence of the drawdown on the optimal lifecycle cost is lower than 2%.